Of the 9 referred patients, 3 were treated with oral vitamin B 12 replacement therapy, 2 were given vitamin B 12 injection, and 2 were treated with both oral vitamin B 12 replacement and injection
A videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS), done in conjunction with a speech and swallowing pathologist, is the best test to evaluate oropharyngeal dysphagia
Some anecdotal reports on X suggest it helps balance the GABA/glutamate axis, aiding benzo addiction recovery, though this lacks robust scientific backing
Biochem Pharmacol 2015;93:40917
Key Research Points at a Glance A 15-amino-acid fragment of a gastric-juice-derived protective protein, first characterised in the early 1990s Primary research mechanisms: angiogenesis (VEGF pathway) and gastric/gut-lining signalling Secondary mechanisms under study: growth factor modulation (EGF, FGF) and nitric oxide system interaction Frequently co-researched with TB-500 despite acting through an unrelated mechanism The large majority of published research is pre-clinical (in-vitro and animal-model), not human clinical data Notably stable across a wider pH/temperature range than many comparable research peptides What Is BPC-157