This vitamin is involved in forming DNA and red blood cells, as well as necessary for brain function, heart health, energy production, and more ( Its found naturally in many animal products and sometimes added to fortified foods ( Vegans, vegetarians, older adults, and people with digestive issues that can interfere with nutrient absorption may be at a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency and need to supplement ( summary Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin involved in several aspects of health, including DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and brain function
Patients showed improvements in cognitive speed and attention span
Clinical diagnosis of IC/BPS was based on standardized East Asian protocols and ESSIC diagnostic criteria, including chronic bladder-related pain lasting more than 6 months with at least one additional lower urinary tract symptom 48,49
It was only available from chemical distributors in grams that cost several hundred dollars
All routes require a prescription and physician oversight
