Espinosa E, Murray T
Inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, resulting from lesions that destroy the gastric mucosa (which can be caused by ingestion of corrosives, extensive tumors, and conditions associated with gastric atrophy, such as multiple sclerosis, certain endocrine disorders, iron deficiency, and subtotal gastrectomy) Structural lesions leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency, including regional ileitis, ileal reactions, and malignancies Competition for vitamin B 12 by intestinal parasites or bacteria
Patients should be counseled about adequate hydration and gradual dose titration
While grey hair comes naturally with ageing, several other factors influence greying in both men and women
346 Moreover, mounting evidence has shown that NAD + -dependent sirtuins can extend the lifespan of yeast, worms, flies and mice and alleviate many diseases of aging-related pathologies