The immune system, particularly the innate immune cells lining the gut, often misidentifies these large protein fragments as foreign invaders or pathogens
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In conclusion, chitosan-coated SLN nanoparticles firmly enhanced the therapeutic impacts of berberine on STZ-induced GDM, suggesting chitosan-coated SLN nanoparticles as an efficient oral delivery system for enhancing the bioavailability of berberine and, thus, improving its pharmacological impacts
Introduction The technology of semen cryopreservation effectively promotes the application of technologies including genetic resource conservation, zootechnical management, and artificial insemination ( However, the cold shock and alterations in atmospheric oxygen seriously led to biochemical, biophysical, ultrastructural, molecular, and functional alterations ( To ameliorate oxidative stress-related damage, the supplementations of antioxidants, including vitamins, coenzymes, exosomes, liposomes, nanomaterials and trace elements such as selenium (Se), copper, and zinc to semen extender have been widely conducted ( According to a previous study, the co-supplementation of vitamin E effectively ameliorates the low toxicity threshold of Se ( GSH, an endogenous antioxidant synthesized from different amino acids including glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, effectively inhibits oxidative stress-related damage and altered ROS production level ( in vitro development
